CARE OUTER SPACE ENVIRONMENT

CONTAMINATION RISK REGISTER NO.4 - Risk Item 7
​Lunar work-site contamination & debris

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Picture
Picture
​Summary of spacecraft debris sites on the moon:

•Spacecraft crashed into the moon: 53
•Spacecraft soft-landed on the moon: 23
Country of origin of debris in chronological order :
•USSR/Russia
•USA (incl. 4 seismic testing impacts of 13.5 tonnes ea.)
•Japan
•European Space Agency
•India
•China (PROC)
•Israel (2019 - containing Tardigrades “Moss piglets”)

The astronauts who walked on the moon between 1969 and 1972 left behind (refer above photo on left-hand side):

•Three golf balls
•A family photo
•Large scientific equipment items
•A small statue
•Numerous bags of human waste
•American flags
Photo taken during Apollo 17 mission (Space.com, 2019)
https://www.space.com/weird-stuff-apollo-astronauts-left-moon.html?utm_source=notification

Lunar contamination from Apollo 15 mission in 1971 (refer Lunar Rover in above photo on right-hand side):
​

1.Impact from 13.5 tonne stage 2 of Saturn rocket for seismic test
2.Descent stage of Lander remaining at landing site
3.Lunar Rover vehicle with Bible, adjacent to landing site
4.Discarded human waste and used test and measuring equipment at landing site
5.Ascent stage of Lander released and impacted after Astronauts transferred to Command Module
6.Particle and Fields small sub-satellite (36 kg) impacted following decay of orbit sometime after 1973
  (NASA, 2020)


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  • Home
  • Risk Management Program
  • Contamination Risk Register
    • Tardigrades on the Moon
    • Outbound Biological contamination
    • Inbound Biological contamination
    • Lunar work-site debris
    • Cremation Ash dispersal
    • Dealing with corpses
    • Radioactive defunct satellites
    • Orbital debris effect on Atmosphere
    • Light Pollution of the Night Sky
  • Geopolitical-Industrial Risk Register
    • Off-Earth Built Environment
    • In-situ Lunar water
    • Military Conflict
    • Kinetic Risks of Orbital Debris
  • Register of Benefits to Earth
    • Economic, Scientific etc. benefits
    • Sustainable Development Goals
    • Earth's Albedo